Dos and Don'ts for Eating Well With Atrial Fibrillation
Eating the right foods can help you avoid atrial fibrillation symptoms. Here's how to put together a heart-healthy diet.
Diet plays a significant role in
managing
atrial fibrillation, a type of irregular heartbeat that can cause dizziness,
chest pain, and shortness of breath. In addition to eating a healthy,
well-balanced diet, if you have atrial fibrillation — often simply called
Afib — you should avoid foods that increase your blood pressure or
heart rate, or any unhealthy foods that can cause heart problems. Maintaining
proper vitamin and mineral levels is important, too. Follow these dos and don'ts
for a safe and nutritious Afib diet.
Don't Eat Too Much Salt
Salt may be used in countless
dishes, but consuming too much isn't a good thing: Salt raises your
blood pressure, and high blood pressure increases your chances of
experiencing atrial
fibrillation symptoms. Ways to manage your salt intake include rinsing
canned
foods, especially beans, to wash off excess salt; avoiding salty foods
such as
chips, nuts, and canned soups; and not adding extra salt to your food,
says
Chester Hedgepeth, MD, PhD, chief of cardiology at Kent Hospital in
Warwick, R.I.
The American Heart Association recommends no more than 1,500 milligrams
of
sodium a day if you have high blood pressure. To add flavor to foods
without
using salt, experiment with herbs and spices.
Don't Drink Caffeinated Beverages
Pass on the soda, energy drinks,
and double-shot espressos to better manage atrial fibrillation, Dr. Hedgepeth says. Caffeine increases your
heart rate and makes you more susceptible to an Afib episode or other heart arrhythmias.
Consider drinking decaffeinated coffees or teas and water instead. To liven up
plain water, add a slice of lemon or lime, or drink natural fruit juice for a
sweet treat.
Do Keep Animal Fats in Check
"Sticking to
a modest fat and cholesterol intake can help to lower your risk for heart
problems, such as arrhythmias like Afib," Hedgepeth
says. Meats that are high in fat include organ
meats, beef, lamb, sausage, dark-meat poultry and poultry skin, and bacon.
High-fat dairy products include whole milk, heavy cream, ice cream, and
full-fat cheeses. Instead, choose lean protein sources, such as beans, lentils, and
fish, and low-fat dairy.
Do Eat Healthy Fats
Not all fats are bad in a
heart-healthy diet, says Lisa
Cimperman, MS, RD, LD, a clinical dietitian at University Hospitals Case
Medical Center in Cleveland. Foods high in monounsaturated fats, such as
olive oil, canola oil, nuts, and seeds, are good additions to your diet when
eaten in moderation. Polyunsaturated fats, especially omega-3 fatty acids, can
be beneficial for overall heart health. Omega-3s are found in foods such as salmon,
albacore tuna, sardines, walnuts, and flaxseed. Foods with these fatty acids reduce
the risk for arrhythmias, decrease triglyceride levels, and slow plaque
formation.
Do Use Caution When Eating Leafy Greens
It's okay to eat leafy green
vegetables — just keep your daily intake consistent if you’re on the
blood-thinning drug warfarin. That’s because leafy green vegetables such as broccoli, kale, spinach, asparagus, and spring onions have high levels
of vitamin K, which can interfere with how warfarin works, especially if you
eat large quantities. However, if you're only taking aspirin as a
blood thinner for Afib, you don’t have to worry because vitamin K doesn’t
affect aspirin.
Don't Drink Alcohol
Even in what may seem like modest amounts,
alcohol can trigger an Afib event. Avoid drinking alcohol in quantities beyond
moderation — which is considered to be anything more than one drink a
day for women and two for men, says John
P. Higgins, MD, an associate
professor of medicine in the division of cardiology at UTHealth Medical School,
director of exercise physiology at Memorial Hermann Ironman Sports Medicine
Institute, and chief of cardiology at Harris Health System Lyndon B. Johnson
Hospital, all in Houston. If this seems
difficult,
talk with your doctor about setting appropriate limits for you.
Don't Eat Foods High in Tyramine
Foods with the compound tyramine can raise your
blood pressure and increase your risk for Afib symptoms, Hedgepeth says. Foods that have high levels of tyramine include:
- Aged cheeses, such as aged Cheddar, Swiss,
blue cheeses such as Stilton and Gorgonzola, and Camembert
- Cured meats, which are meats treated with salt
and nitrate or just nitrite, such as dry-type summer sausages, pepperoni,
and salami
- Fermented cabbage, such as sauerkraut and kimchee
- Certain sauces,
including soy sauce, fish sauce, and shrimp sauce
- Yeast-extract
spreads, such
as Marmite
- Broad bean pods, such
as fava beans
Tyramine isn't an ingredient, but
a naturally-occurring compound, so it isn't listed on food labels. If you’re
unsure which foods to cut from your diet, talk to your doctor or a dietitian.
Do Use Heart-Smart Cooking Methods
Cooking heart-healthy foods is
easier than it may seem. As long as you start with a lean cut of meat, baking,
roasting, or sauteing will allow maximum flavor with minimal fat, Cimperman says. Poaching and steaming
are great ways to cook vegetables and even fish with zero added fat.
Do Add Color to Your Dinner Plate
A variety of fruits and vegetables
will ensure that your diet contains disease-fighting antioxidants such as
beta-carotene, vitamin C, and other phytochemicals. Aim to fill half your plate
with colorful, fresh fruits and vegetables, Cimperman advises. This will also help
keep your weight in check, which is key to preventing a host of ailments, including heart disease and
cancer.
Don’t Risk Food Poisoning
Certain illnesses, like food
poisoning, can quickly lead to dehydration and deplete essential nutrients. If
you have symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, or fever, you can lose a
significant amount of potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium. This can
increase your risk for Afib events and even heart failure, says William R. Lewis, MD, chief of clinical
cardiology at MetroHealth Medical Center and professor of medicine at Case
Western Reserve University, both in Cleveland. Hedgepeth suggests
managing such illnesses by quickly rehydrating with an electrolyte solution.
Electrolyte abnormalities affect normal electrical activity in the heart and
can potentially cause arrhythmias such as Afib.
To avoid food poisoning, cook
foods such as meat, poultry, and eggs thoroughly, and avoid eating foods that
have been sitting out for a long time, especially those containing dairy.